These words all mean to damage, injure, destroy or kill sb/sth with heat or fire. 以上各词均含因高温或火导致损坏、损伤、毁灭之义。

• burn to damage, injure, destroy or kill sb/sth with fire, heat or acid; to be damaged, etc. by fire, heat or acid 指烧（或灼）坏、烧（或灼）伤、烧（或灼）死：◆She burned all his letters. 她把他的信全部付之一炬。◆The house burned down in 1995. 那所房子在 1995 年烧毁了。
• char [usually passive] to make sth black by burning it; to become black by burning 指（使）烧黑、烧焦：◆The bodies had been charred beyond recognition. 这些尸体已烧焦，无法辨认。
• scald to burn part of your body with very hot liquid or steam 指被高温液体或气体烫伤
• scorch to burn and slightly damage a surface by making it too hot 指把物体表面烫坏、烧煳、烤焦：◆I scorched my dress when I was ironing it. 我把自己的连衣裙熨焦了。
• singe to burn the surface of sth slightly, usually by mistake; to be burnt in this way 尤指不小心把物体表面烤焦、烫煳：◆He singed his hair as he tried to light his cigarette. 他点烟时把头发给燎了。

scorch or singe? 用 scorch 还是 singe？

• Things are scorched by heat or fire. Things can only be singed by fire or a flame. * scorch 指高温烫坏或火烧煳；singe 仅指火或火舌烧焦。

Patterns

• to burn/scald yourself/your hand
• to burn/scorch/singe your hair/clothes
• burnt out/charred/scorched remains/ruins/buildings

Being injured 受伤

• have a fall/an injury 跌了一跤；受伤
• receive/suffer/sustain a serious injury/a hairline fracture/ (especially BrE) whiplash/a gunshot wound 受重伤/轻微骨裂/鞭伤/枪伤
• hurt/injure your ankle/back/leg 伤到脚踝/背/大腿
• damage the brain/an ankle ligament/your liver/the optic nerve/the skin 损伤大脑/脚踝韧带/肝脏/视神经/皮肤
• pull/strain/tear a hamstring/ligament/muscle/tendon 拉伤腘绳肌腱/韧带/肌肉/肌腱
• sprain/twist your ankle/wrist 扭伤脚踝/手腕
• break a bone/your collarbone/your leg/three ribs 骨折；锁骨/大腿/三根肋骨骨折
• fracture/crack your skull 头盖骨破裂
• break/chip/knock out/lose a tooth 碰断了一颗牙；使牙齿崩缺了一块；磕掉/掉了一颗牙
• burst/perforate your eardrum 使耳膜破裂；鼓膜穿孔
• dislocate your finger/hip/jaw/shoulder 使手指/臀部/下巴/肩膀脱臼
• bruise/cut/graze your arm/knee/shoulder 擦伤/割破/擦破手臂/膝盖/肩膀
• burn/scald yourself/your tongue 烧伤/烫伤自己/舌头
• bang/bump/hit/ (informal) bash your elbow/head/knee (on/against sth) （在某物上）撞到肘部/头/膝盖

Treating injuries 治疗伤病

• treat sb for burns/a head injury/a stab wound 给某人治疗烧伤/头部伤/刺伤
• examine/clean/dress/bandage/treat a bullet wound 检查/清洗/包扎/用绷带包扎/治疗枪伤
• repair a damaged/torn ligament/tendon/cartilage 修复损伤的/拉伤的韧带/肌腱/软骨
• amputate/cut off an arm/a finger/a foot/a leg/a limb 截去一只胳膊/一根手指/一只脚/一条腿；截肢
• put on/ (formal) apply/take off (especially NAmE) a Band-Aid™/ (BrE) a plaster/a bandage 贴上/使用/撕掉创可贴；缠上/使用/解掉绷带
• need/require/put in/ (especially BrE) have (out)/ (NAmE) get (out) stitches 需要缝针；缝针；拆线
• put on/rub on/ (formal) apply cream/ointment/lotion 涂抹护肤霜/药膏/护肤液
• have/receive/undergo (BrE) physiotherapy/ (NAmE) physical therapy 接受物理疗法