These words all mean to harm yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident. 以上各词主要指在事故中伤害、使受伤。

• injure to harm yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident 尤指在事故中伤害、使受伤：◆He injured his knee playing hockey. 他打曲棍球时膝盖受了伤。◆Three people were injured in the crash. 撞车事故中有三人受伤。
• wound [often passive] (rather formal) to injure part of the body, especially by making a hole in the skin using a weapon 指使身体受伤，尤指用武器伤害：◆50 people were seriously wounded in the attack. 这次攻击中有 50 人受重伤。 NOTE Wound is often used to talk about people being hurt in war or in other attacks which affect a lot of people. * wound 常指在战争中或在波及许多人的其他攻击中受伤。
• hurt to cause physical pain to sb/yourself; to injure sb/yourself 指（使）疼痛、受伤：◆Did you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？

injure or hurt? 用 injure 还是 hurt？

You can hurt or injure a part of the body in an accident. Hurt emphasizes the physical pain caused; injure emphasizes that the part of the body has been damaged in some way. 在事故中身体受伤可用 hurt 或 injure，hurt 强调引起的身体疼痛，injure 强调身体部位受到某种程度的损伤。

• bruise to make a blue, brown or purple mark (= a bruise) appear on the skin after sb has fallen or been hit; to develop a bruise 指摔伤、撞伤、（使）出现瘀伤
• sprain to injure part of your body, especially your ankle, wrist or knee, by suddenly bending it in an awkward way, causing pain and swelling 指扭伤（踝、腕、膝）
• pull to damage a muscle, etc., by using too much force 指拉伤、扭伤（肌肉等）
• strain to injure yourself or part of your body by making it work too hard 指损伤、拉伤、扭伤：◆Don't strain your eyes by reading in poor light. 别在光线不足的地方看书把眼睛给伤了。

Patterns

• to injure/hurt/strain yourself
• to injure/hurt/sprain/pull/strain a muscle
• to injure/hurt/sprain your ankle/foot/knee/wrist/hand
• to injure/hurt/strain your back/shoulder/eyes
• to injure/hurt your spine/neck
• to be badly/severely/slightly injured/wounded/hurt/bruised/sprained

Being injured 受伤

• have a fall/an injury 跌了一跤；受伤
• receive/suffer/sustain a serious injury/a hairline fracture/ (especially BrE) whiplash/a gunshot wound 受重伤/轻微骨裂/鞭伤/枪伤
• hurt/injure your ankle/back/leg 伤到脚踝/背/大腿
• damage the brain/an ankle ligament/your liver/the optic nerve/the skin 损伤大脑/脚踝韧带/肝脏/视神经/皮肤
• pull/strain/tear a hamstring/ligament/muscle/tendon 拉伤腘绳肌腱/韧带/肌肉/肌腱
• sprain/twist your ankle/wrist 扭伤脚踝/手腕
• break a bone/your collarbone/your leg/three ribs 骨折；锁骨/大腿/三根肋骨骨折
• fracture/crack your skull 头盖骨破裂
• break/chip/knock out/lose a tooth 碰断了一颗牙；使牙齿崩缺了一块；磕掉/掉了一颗牙
• burst/perforate your eardrum 使耳膜破裂；鼓膜穿孔
• dislocate your finger/hip/jaw/shoulder 使手指/臀部/下巴/肩膀脱臼
• bruise/cut/graze your arm/knee/shoulder 擦伤/割破/擦破手臂/膝盖/肩膀
• burn/scald yourself/your tongue 烧伤/烫伤自己/舌头
• bang/bump/hit/ (informal) bash your elbow/head/knee (on/against sth) （在某物上）撞到肘部/头/膝盖

Treating injuries 治疗伤病

• treat sb for burns/a head injury/a stab wound 给某人治疗烧伤/头部伤/刺伤
• examine/clean/dress/bandage/treat a bullet wound 检查/清洗/包扎/用绷带包扎/治疗枪伤
• repair a damaged/torn ligament/tendon/cartilage 修复损伤的/拉伤的韧带/肌腱/软骨
• amputate/cut off an arm/a finger/a foot/a leg/a limb 截去一只胳膊/一根手指/一只脚/一条腿；截肢
• put on/ (formal) apply/take off (especially NAmE) a Band-Aid™/ (BrE) a plaster/a bandage 贴上/使用/撕掉创可贴；缠上/使用/解掉绷带
• need/require/put in/ (especially BrE) have (out)/ (NAmE) get (out) stitches 需要缝针；缝针；拆线
• put on/rub on/ (formal) apply cream/ointment/lotion 涂抹护肤霜/药膏/护肤液
• have/receive/undergo (BrE) physiotherapy/ (NAmE) physical therapy 接受物理疗法

These are all words that can be used when part of your body feels painful. 以上各词均可指身体部位感到疼痛。

• hurt (of part of your body) to feel painful; (of an action) to cause pain 指（身体部位）感到疼痛、（某一动作）引起疼痛：◆My feet hurt. 我脚疼。◆Ouch! That hurt! 哎哟！好疼！
• ache to feel a continuous dull pain 指疼痛、隐痛：◆I'm aching all over. 我周身疼痛。
• burn (of part of your body) to feel very hot and painful 指（身体部位）火辣辣地痛、发烫：◆Our eyes were burning from the chemicals in the air. 空气中弥漫的化学物质熏得我们的眼睛火辣辣地痛。
• sting to make sb feel a sharp burning pain or uncomfortable feeling in part of their body; (of part of your body) to feel this pain 指（使）身体部位感觉刺痛、灼痛：◆My eyes were stinging from the smoke. 烟熏得我眼睛痛。
• tingle (of part of your body) to feel as if a lot of small sharp points are pushing into the skin there 指（身体部位）感到刺痛：◆The cold air made her face tingle. 冷空气冻得她的脸发痛。
• itch to have an uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch; to make your skin feel like this 指（使）皮肤发痒：◆I itch all over. 我浑身痒。◆Does the rash itch? 皮疹痒吗？
• throb (of part of your body) to feel pain as a series of regular beats 指（身体部位）有规律地抽动、抽痛：◆His head throbbed painfully. 他的头一抽一跳地痛。

Patterns

• your eyes hurt/ache/burn/sting/itch
• your skin hurts/burns/stings/tingles/itches
• your flesh hurts/burns/stings/tingles
• your head hurts/aches/throbs
• your stomach hurts/aches
• to really hurt/ache/burn/sting/tingle/itch/throb
• to hurt/ache/sting/itch badly/a lot
• It hurts/stings/tingles/itches.

These words all mean to have a bad effect on sb/sth. 以上各词均含伤害、损害之义。

• damage to cause physical harm to sth, making it less attractive, useful or valuable; to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 指毁坏、破坏、伤害、损害：◆The fire badly damaged the town hall. 火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。◆emotionally damaged children 感情上受伤害的孩子
• hurt (rather informal) to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 指伤害、损害：◆Hard work never hurt anyone. 努力工作绝无害处。
• harm to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 指伤害、损害：◆Pollution can harm marine life. 污染会危及海洋生物。

damage, hurt or harm? 用 damage、hurt 还是 harm？

Hurt is slightly less formal than damage or harm, especially when it is used in negative statements. 与 damage 或 harm 相比，hurt 稍非正式，用于否定句时尤其如此：◆It won't hurt him to have to wait a bit. 等上一会儿对他无妨。◆It won't damage/harm him to have to wait a bit. Harm is also often used to talk about ways in which things in the natural world such as wildlife and the environment are affected by human activity. * harm 亦常用来表示自然界中的事物（如野生生物和环境）受到人类活动的影响。

• impair (rather formal) to damage sb's health, abilities or chances 指损害、削弱（健康、能力或机会）：◆Even one drink can impair driving performance. 即使一杯酒也可能影响驾驶操作。

Patterns

• to damage/hurt/harm/impair sb's chances
• to damage/hurt/harm sb's interests/reputation
• to damage/harm/impair sb's health
• to seriously/greatly damage/hurt/harm/impair sb/sth
• to badly/severely damage/hurt/impair sb/sth